What method is typically used to remove SOx from emissions?

Limestone scrubbing is a widely employed method for removing sulfur oxides (SOx) from emissions, particularly in industrial processes such as power generation and waste incineration. This process involves the reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gas with a limestone slurry, which primarily consists of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). When the flue gas is introduced into the scrubber, the sulfur dioxide reacts with the calcium carbonate, producing calcium sulfite (CaSO3), which can subsequently be oxidized to form calcium sulfate (gypsum). This reaction effectively converts gaseous SO2 into a solid form, significantly reducing the amount of sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere.

The effectiveness of limestone scrubbing is due to its ability to handle high volumes of flue gas and its relatively low operational costs compared to alternative methods. Additionally, this technique can be integrated into existing power plants, making it a convenient solution for compliance with environmental regulations regarding sulfur emissions.

In contrast, the other methods listed, such as activated charcoal filters, biological treatment, and absorption using hydrocarbon oils, are not commonly used specifically for SOx removal. Activated charcoal is more effective for adsorbing organic compounds and certain metals, while biological treatment is primarily suited for